Accounting standards

Keeping up with the rules and regulations that govern our professional existence is a challenging endeavor, but, relatively speaking, it could be worse.Consider the environment in other countries. In France, for example, students participating in a graduate-level accounting program in a business school must learn three sets of standards. Yes, three!

The American Institute of CPAs praised a new law that will prevent states from taxing the retirement income of non-resident partners last week.

In a significant move toward unifying a number of related standards and harmonizing them with a new international standard, the Auditing Standards Board has voted out a proposed statement on quality control.It was one of three exposure drafts issued for comment by summer's end.

The Securities and Exchange Commission requested that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board delay issuing guidance related to backdating stock options.According to reports, the PCAOB had planned to issue an alert to accounting firms about the topic, which would have advised auditors about grant issues they should examine in audits. The regulator reportedly asked the board to delay issuing the guidance until the commission completes its own work on a proposed rule to revamp disclosure of executive pay.

New guidance stressing efficient application of effective internal controls over financial reporting was released in mid-July by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.The guidance, titled "Internal Control over Financial Reporting - Guidance for Small Public Companies," was released with a Webcast that was attended by over 1,750 participants.

One of the provisions inserted by the Conference Committee into the Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005, signed by President Bush on May 17, 2006, was a tax increase on citizens working abroad. The provision was not in either the House or Senate versions of the legislation, although Congress has considered a number of proposals related to the taxation of citizens working abroad over the years, including some Senate bills in the current Congress.It is estimated that over 4 million citizens work abroad. The U.S. Census does not count them, so we have no accurate numbers. The Treasury does try to tax them, but with questionable effectiveness. For the 1999 tax year, out of 127,667,890 returns filed, 1,350,890 had foreign addresses, but this included the APO and FPO addresses of members of the armed forces, as well as some Puerto Rico residents with offshore income. A 2004 Internal Revenue Service study reported that in 2001, fewer than 300,000 tax returns reported foreign-source-earned income.

Maintaining that there's near-universal agreement that the nation's tax code is too complex, Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, officially opened the committee's hearings titled "Kick-off for Tax Reform: Tackling the Tax Code."

The Securities and Exchange Commission will commission a study to compare how the different regulatory systems that apply to broker-dealers and investment advisers affect investors.

A Senate report estimates that tax cheating now equals about 7 cents out of each dollar paid by honest taxpayers, or as much as $70 billion annually.

It's time for public companies to begin disclosing the reasons behind an auditor change, a new report from Glass Lewis & Co. argues.

Many times I have told readers of this column and of Practical Accountant of state Web sites that list owners of unclaimed property that was transferred to the state from businesses and entities that were holding the property for years, but who weren't able to communicate with the property owner so the property could be claimed. I figured firms could publicize the sites, and a perusal would result in "found money" for a number of the firm's clients.

Lately, the costs of placing help-wanted ads have waned considerably at the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board issued its first-ever audit practice alert, warning auditors to be on the watch for problems in the timing and accounting of stock-option grants."Auditors planning or performing an audit should be alert to the risk that the issuer may not have properly accounted for stock option grants and ... may have materially misstated its financial statements," the alert said, alluding to recent investigations by both the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Internal Revenue Service into whether companies routinely backdate, spring load, or otherwise manipulate, stock options grants to top executives.

A federal appeals court upheld the conviction and 25-year prison sentence handed to former WorldCom Inc. chief executive Bernard Ebbers a year ago.

The Securities and Exchange Commission will require public companies to provide more information about the pay given to top executives under rules unanimously adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

As expected, Conrad W. Hewitt, a former Big Four managing partner and commissioner of California's department of financial institutions and superintendent of banking for the state, will take over the top accounting job at the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Securities and Exchange Commission has barred Conseco Inc.'s former chief financial officer and chief accounting officer from auditing the books of public companies for at least the next five years.

Conrad W. Hewitt, a former Big Four managing partner and commissioner of California's department of financial institutions and superintendent of banking for the state, is expected to be named the chief accountant of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

When Mark Olson starts his new job as chairman of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in July, his commute into work won't be all that much different from his most recent gig - a few blocks away at the Federal Reserve Board.But there's little doubt that the course he'll be setting with the accounting firm regulator will be markedly different from his duties over the last five years as a Fed governor.

Among the many disasters lurking behind the scenes of the U.S. economy is that of pensions and other post-retirement benefits. It has been estimated that in 2005 there were $472 billion of unrecorded obligations for pension and other post-retirement benefit plans, and that the after-tax effect of these obligations would reduce shareholders' equity by $248 billion or more.Perhaps to give the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs an inkling of hope, Financial Accounting Standards Board Chairman Robert Herz and International Accounting Standards Board Chairman Sir David Tweedie presented their plans to require the underlying economic effects of post-retirement plans to be more faithfully and transparently reported through better accounting practices.